The effect of weather conditions on millimeter wave propagation

Electromagnetic wave propagation in the atmosphere is affected by the composition of the air and by meteorological conditions like fog and rain. In the current work the effects of different phases of water in the atmosphere (vapor, suspended droplets, fog and rain) on the propagation of electromagnetic radiation at broadband millimeter wave spectrum, have been studied. Analytical expressions are derived for the attenuation and group delay along the path of propagation. Using the derived expressions a modified millimeter-wave propagation model (MPM) is employed for the prediction of the suspended water droplets and rain effects.