Outpatient clinic design in Israel: Comparative evaluation by digital simulation

The case study from Israel tested digital simulations as a communication tool between the stakeholders in co-design processes to visualise and evaluate the design outcomes to support hospital organisational practices, increases efficiency of operations, and improves the quality of care. The case study compared two designs of ophthalmology outpatient clinics in two different hospitals in Israel and found that the digital simulations enabled stakeholders to communicate practical knowledge and to discuss the trade-offs between the stakeholder's objectives. The process identified different conceptions of management, relationships between doctors and nurses, design team dynamics, and discrepancy between the architect and the client. The process contributed to the validation or reconsideration of the design team assumptions regarding the outcomes of the chosen model of care and supported the development of innovative solutions to obtain efficient organisational practices optimal for workers and quality of care.