Caffeine during pregnancy? In moderation

QUESTION: Many of my female patients, those who plan pregnancy or have conceived, are afraid to any intake of caffeine? This often makes their lives miserable during pregnancy. Is this justified scientifically? ANSWER: Motherisk's recent meta-analysis suggests that the risks for miscarriage and fetal growth retardation increase only with daily doses of caffeine above 150 mg/d, equivalent to six typical cups of coffee a day. It is possible that some of this presumed risk is due to confounders, such as cigarette smoking.