C-reactive protein and carotid and femoral intima media thickness: Predicting inflammation

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a recognized marker of systemic inflammation. Its association with carotid and femoral intima media thickness (surrogate measures of atherosclerosis) may explain excess cardiovascular disease risk in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: To estimate the association between CRP and both carotid and femoral IMT in hemodialysis (HD) patients; to predict CRP in these patients. Methods: The present cross-sectional study is nested in the Sevelamer hydrochloride and ultrasound-measured femoral and carotid intima media thickness progression in end-stage renal disease (SUMMER) clinical trial. Carotid (common, internal, and bifurcation) and femoral arteries were visualized in B-mode ultrasonography. CRP was measured in serum. Results: The study cohort included 144 HD patients (39.5% female, mean age 67.8 ± 11.5 years). All measures of both carotid and femoral IMT were significantly positively associated with CRP. Subjects with a history of smoking or coronary revascularization had significantly higher CRP levels, while subjects treated with sevelamer hydrochloride had significantly lower CRP. CRP was significantly positively associated with serum phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH, and significantly inversely associated with HDL and albumin. Conclusions: CRP is significantly positively associated with both femoral and carotid IMT. Treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride is associated with lower CRP in HD patients.