TY - JOUR
T1 - Verapamil metabolites
T2 - potential P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance reversal agents.
AU - Woodland, Cindy
AU - Koren, Gideon
AU - Wainer, Irving W.
AU - Batist, Gerry
AU - Ito, Shinya
PY - 2003/8
Y1 - 2003/8
N2 - Multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy frequently correlates with overexpression of the P-glycoprotein drug transporter. Attempts to reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance with racemic verapamil or its less toxic (R)-enantiomer have been complicated by cardiotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the major verapamil metabolite, norverapamil, as well as the PR-22 and D-620 metabolites, on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport. We measured the basolateral-to-apical fluxes of the P-glycoprotein substrates digoxin and vinblastine in the presence and absence of verapamil, (R)-norverapamil, (S)-norverapamil, racemic norverapamil, PR-22, or D-620 across confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that express P-glycoprotein on their apical membranes. Verapamil and norverapamil nonstereospecifically inhibited the renal tubular secretion of digoxin and vinblastine similarly in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no decrease in the cellular accumulation of digoxin and vinblastine, suggesting that neither verapamil nor norverapamil prevent the substrates from entering the MDCK cells. Furthermore, the norverapamil metabolite P-22 also inhibited the secretion of these P-glycoprotein substrates. Our results suggest that the verapamil metabolites norverapamil and PR-22, which are less cardiotoxic than the parent compound, have comparable inhibitory abilities to verapamil (norverapamil greater than PR-22) and may be useful in reversing resistance to P-glycoprotein substrates.
AB - Multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy frequently correlates with overexpression of the P-glycoprotein drug transporter. Attempts to reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance with racemic verapamil or its less toxic (R)-enantiomer have been complicated by cardiotoxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the major verapamil metabolite, norverapamil, as well as the PR-22 and D-620 metabolites, on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport. We measured the basolateral-to-apical fluxes of the P-glycoprotein substrates digoxin and vinblastine in the presence and absence of verapamil, (R)-norverapamil, (S)-norverapamil, racemic norverapamil, PR-22, or D-620 across confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that express P-glycoprotein on their apical membranes. Verapamil and norverapamil nonstereospecifically inhibited the renal tubular secretion of digoxin and vinblastine similarly in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no decrease in the cellular accumulation of digoxin and vinblastine, suggesting that neither verapamil nor norverapamil prevent the substrates from entering the MDCK cells. Furthermore, the norverapamil metabolite P-22 also inhibited the secretion of these P-glycoprotein substrates. Our results suggest that the verapamil metabolites norverapamil and PR-22, which are less cardiotoxic than the parent compound, have comparable inhibitory abilities to verapamil (norverapamil greater than PR-22) and may be useful in reversing resistance to P-glycoprotein substrates.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2142770175&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1139/y03-073
DO - 10.1139/y03-073
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 12897809
AN - SCOPUS:2142770175
SN - 0008-4212
VL - 81
SP - 800
EP - 805
JO - Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
JF - Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
IS - 8
ER -