Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission

Arun Ramachandra Kurup; Daniel Rozban; Tomer Latucha; Or Kakon; Natan S. Kopeika; Yitzhak Yitzhaky; Amir Abramovich

doi:10.1117/12.3070207

Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission

Arun Ramachandra Kurup
, Daniel Rozban
, Tomer Latucha
, Or Kakon
, Natan S. Kopeika
, Yitzhak Yitzhaky
, Amir Abramovich

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has gained significant attention in security, biomedical, and remote sensing applications due to its ability to penetrate obscurants while ensuring non-ionizing interaction with biological tissues. Building on previous work that utilized a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for up-conversion readout in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, this study introduces an advanced imaging system leveraging the HeliCam C4 lock-in camera. This system offers enhanced sensitivity, noise suppression, and real-time imaging capabilities for MMW detection using a novel glow discharge detector (GDD) map configuration. While full MMW imaging results are pending, this paper details the system architecture, methodology, an LED-based prototype validation, and initial GDD/MMW detection experiments.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band
Editors	Neil A. Salmon, Wladislaw Michailow
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510692930
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3070207
State	Published - 29 Oct 2025
Event	Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band - Madrid, Spain Duration: 15 Sep 2025 → 16 Sep 2025

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	13677
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band
Country/Territory	Spain
City	Madrid
Period	15/09/25 → 16/09/25

Keywords

glow discharge detector (GDD)
lock-in camera
Millimeter-wave imaging
phase-sensitive detection
prototype validation
up-conversion

Access to Document

10.1117/12.3070207

Cite this

Kurup, A. R., Rozban, D., Latucha, T., Kakon, O., Kopeika, N. S., Yitzhaky, Y., & Abramovich, A. (2025). Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission. In N. A. Salmon, & W. Michailow (Eds.), Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band Article 1367704 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13677). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3070207

Kurup, Arun Ramachandra ; Rozban, Daniel ; Latucha, Tomer et al. / Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map : Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission. Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band. editor / Neil A. Salmon ; Wladislaw Michailow. SPIE, 2025. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

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title = "Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission",

abstract = "Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has gained significant attention in security, biomedical, and remote sensing applications due to its ability to penetrate obscurants while ensuring non-ionizing interaction with biological tissues. Building on previous work that utilized a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for up-conversion readout in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, this study introduces an advanced imaging system leveraging the HeliCam C4 lock-in camera. This system offers enhanced sensitivity, noise suppression, and real-time imaging capabilities for MMW detection using a novel glow discharge detector (GDD) map configuration. While full MMW imaging results are pending, this paper details the system architecture, methodology, an LED-based prototype validation, and initial GDD/MMW detection experiments.",

keywords = "glow discharge detector (GDD), lock-in camera, Millimeter-wave imaging, phase-sensitive detection, prototype validation, up-conversion",

author = "Kurup, \{Arun Ramachandra\} and Daniel Rozban and Tomer Latucha and Or Kakon and Kopeika, \{Natan S.\} and Yitzhak Yitzhaky and Amir Abramovich",

year = "2025",

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doi = "10.1117/12.3070207",

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series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",

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Kurup, AR, Rozban, D, Latucha, T, Kakon, O, Kopeika, NS, Yitzhaky, Y & Abramovich, A 2025, Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission. in NA Salmon & W Michailow (eds), Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band., 1367704, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 13677, SPIE, Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band, Madrid, Spain, 15/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3070207

Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission. / Kurup, Arun Ramachandra; Rozban, Daniel; Latucha, Tomer et al.
Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band. ed. / Neil A. Salmon; Wladislaw Michailow. SPIE, 2025. 1367704 (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 13677).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Kurup, Arun Ramachandra

AU - Rozban, Daniel

AU - Latucha, Tomer

AU - Kakon, Or

AU - Kopeika, Natan S.

AU - Yitzhaky, Yitzhak

AU - Abramovich, Amir

PY - 2025/10/29

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N2 - Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has gained significant attention in security, biomedical, and remote sensing applications due to its ability to penetrate obscurants while ensuring non-ionizing interaction with biological tissues. Building on previous work that utilized a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for up-conversion readout in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, this study introduces an advanced imaging system leveraging the HeliCam C4 lock-in camera. This system offers enhanced sensitivity, noise suppression, and real-time imaging capabilities for MMW detection using a novel glow discharge detector (GDD) map configuration. While full MMW imaging results are pending, this paper details the system architecture, methodology, an LED-based prototype validation, and initial GDD/MMW detection experiments.

AB - Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has gained significant attention in security, biomedical, and remote sensing applications due to its ability to penetrate obscurants while ensuring non-ionizing interaction with biological tissues. Building on previous work that utilized a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for up-conversion readout in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, this study introduces an advanced imaging system leveraging the HeliCam C4 lock-in camera. This system offers enhanced sensitivity, noise suppression, and real-time imaging capabilities for MMW detection using a novel glow discharge detector (GDD) map configuration. While full MMW imaging results are pending, this paper details the system architecture, methodology, an LED-based prototype validation, and initial GDD/MMW detection experiments.

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KW - Millimeter-wave imaging

KW - phase-sensitive detection

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T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

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PB - SPIE

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ER -

Kurup AR, Rozban D, Latucha T, Kakon O, Kopeika NS, Yitzhaky Y et al. Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission. In Salmon NA, Michailow W, editors, Sensors and Communication Technologies in the 1 GHz to 10 THz Band. SPIE. 2025. 1367704. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.3070207

Upconversion-Based Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Phase-Sensitive Lock-In Camera and GDD Map: Parallel Demodulation of Modulated NIR Emission

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Keywords

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