TY - JOUR
T1 - Treatment outcomes of Mycobacterium simiae pulmonary disease
T2 - a retrospective multicenter cohort study
AU - Najjar-Debbiny, Ronza
AU - Cohen, Raya
AU - Arbel, Anat
AU - Mousa, Kathrien
AU - Hashoull, Sharbel
AU - Raya, Razi Abu
AU - Rahav, Galia
AU - Zohar, Iris
AU - Adler, Amos
AU - Stein, Nili
AU - Frost, Freddy
AU - Dekel, Michal
AU - Fuchs, Inbal
AU - Avriel, Avital
AU - Perl, Sivan Haia
AU - Shteinberg, Michal
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Background: Mycobacterium simiae is an emerging cause of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in the Middle East, yet treatment outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate clinical and microbiologic outcomes of M. simiae–PD. Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study (2010–2022) including adults meeting ATS/IDSA criteria, stratified by treatment status. Clinical, microbiologic, and radiologic outcomes were compared. Results: Sixty-eight patients were included; 32 (47%) received antimicrobial therapy and 36 (53%) were untreated. Treated patients were younger, had lower BMI, and more symptoms. During follow-up, microbiologic eradication occurred in 44% (12/27) of treated vs. 85% (29/34) of untreated patients. Eradication was associated with higher BMI, non-smoking status, and absence of cavitary disease. Antimicrobial therapy did not improve eradication rates. Conclusions: Combined antimicrobial therapy for M. simiae–PD demonstrates poor microbiologic efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for more effective, targeted treatments.
AB - Background: Mycobacterium simiae is an emerging cause of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in the Middle East, yet treatment outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate clinical and microbiologic outcomes of M. simiae–PD. Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study (2010–2022) including adults meeting ATS/IDSA criteria, stratified by treatment status. Clinical, microbiologic, and radiologic outcomes were compared. Results: Sixty-eight patients were included; 32 (47%) received antimicrobial therapy and 36 (53%) were untreated. Treated patients were younger, had lower BMI, and more symptoms. During follow-up, microbiologic eradication occurred in 44% (12/27) of treated vs. 85% (29/34) of untreated patients. Eradication was associated with higher BMI, non-smoking status, and absence of cavitary disease. Antimicrobial therapy did not improve eradication rates. Conclusions: Combined antimicrobial therapy for M. simiae–PD demonstrates poor microbiologic efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for more effective, targeted treatments.
KW - Mycobacterium
KW - NTM
KW - outcomes
KW - Simiae
KW - treatment
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105033777052
U2 - 10.1007/s10096-026-05468-7
DO - 10.1007/s10096-026-05468-7
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C2 - 41840270
AN - SCOPUS:105033777052
SN - 0934-9723
JO - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
JF - European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
ER -