The Impact of Carbapenem Resistance on Mortality in Patients With Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of 1952 Patients

Alberto E. Maraolo, Silvia Corcione, Adriano Grossi, Alessio Signori, Cristiano Alicino, Khetam Hussein, Enrico M. Trecarichi, Pierluigi Viale, Jean François Timsit, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Maria V. Villegas, Galia Rahav, George L. Daikos, Konstantinos Z. Vardakas, Emmanuel Roilides, Anne Catrin Uhlemann, Abdul K. Ghafur, Simone Mornese Pinna, Matteo Bassetti, Philipp P. KohlerDaniele R. Giacobbe

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Available evidence from observational studies and meta-analyses has highlighted an increased mortality in patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infections (BSI) compared with their carbapenem-susceptible (CSKP) counterparts, but the exact reasons for this outcome difference are still to be determined. Methods: We updated the search of a previous meta-analysis through four databases up to April 2018. A two-stage individual-patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was conducted, building an adjusting model to account for age, comorbidities and activity of empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42018104256). Results: IPD data were obtained from 14 out of 28 eligible observational studies. A total of 1952 patients were investigated: 1093 in the CRKP group and 859 in the CSKP group. Patients with CRKP-BSI had a twofold risk of death compared with CSKP-infected patients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–3.04; I2 = 44.1%]. Mortality was higher in patients with CRKP BSI, in both the subgroup of absent/inactive (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.24–2.47; I2 = 0) and of active initial therapy (aOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.70–4.16; I2 = 16%) as well as in case of active targeted therapy (aOR 2.21; 95% CI 1.36–3.59; I2 = 58%). Conclusion: Resistance to carbapenem is associated with worse outcome in patients with BSI by Klebsiella pneumoniae even adjusting for comorbidities and treatment appropriateness according to in vitro activity of empirical and targeted therapy. This applies to a scenario dominated by colistin-based therapies for CRKP. Further studies are needed to compare the mortality difference between CRKP and CSKP cases in the light of new anti-CRKP antimicrobials.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)541-558
Number of pages18
JournalInfectious Diseases and Therapy
Volume10
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2021
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Active therapy
  • Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Individual patient data meta-analysis
  • Monotherapy

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