TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effects of Gluten-free Diet on Body Mass Indexes in Adults with Celiac Disease
T2 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
AU - Peleg, Noam
AU - Niv, Yaron
AU - Dickman, Ram
AU - Boltin, Doron
AU - Krauthammer, Alex
AU - Herman-Edelstein, Michal
AU - Issa, Nidal
AU - Ollech, Jacob E.
AU - Konikoff, Tom
AU - Gingold-Belfer, Rachel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/3/27
Y1 - 2024/3/27
N2 - Goals and Background: Gluten-free diet (GFD) includes a higher intake of sugars and fats. Previous studies have investigated its effect on body mass index (BMI) in celiac disease (CD) patients but had contradictive conclusions. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of GFD on BMI in CD patients. Study: Systematically, we conducted literature research using Medline, Scopus, and Embase, and we identified 1565 potential studies/abstracts. Only studies of patients with CD under a GFD with recorded BMI before and after dietary intervention were included. Subgroup analyses based on study design and BMI categories were performed. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for the number of patients in each BMI group according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions after GFD using fixed and random effect meta-analysis. Results: The analysis included 10 studies and 38 sub-studies/data sets, which encompassed 2450 patients from 5 countries. We found nonsignificant odds for changing the BMI group (pooled OR 0.972, 95% CI: 0.858-1.101, P=0.65) after GFD. However, looking specifically at BMI subgroups, we found higher odds for BMI category change after GFD in underweight patients (OR 0.588, 95% CI: 0.479-0.723, P <0.001), and overweight patients,252=54.13). Conclusion: Although crucial in patients with CD, GFD is associated with increased BMI in some CD patient populations. Accordingly, special considerations and follow-up should be maintained in overweight patients with CD after GFD.
AB - Goals and Background: Gluten-free diet (GFD) includes a higher intake of sugars and fats. Previous studies have investigated its effect on body mass index (BMI) in celiac disease (CD) patients but had contradictive conclusions. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of GFD on BMI in CD patients. Study: Systematically, we conducted literature research using Medline, Scopus, and Embase, and we identified 1565 potential studies/abstracts. Only studies of patients with CD under a GFD with recorded BMI before and after dietary intervention were included. Subgroup analyses based on study design and BMI categories were performed. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) for the number of patients in each BMI group according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions after GFD using fixed and random effect meta-analysis. Results: The analysis included 10 studies and 38 sub-studies/data sets, which encompassed 2450 patients from 5 countries. We found nonsignificant odds for changing the BMI group (pooled OR 0.972, 95% CI: 0.858-1.101, P=0.65) after GFD. However, looking specifically at BMI subgroups, we found higher odds for BMI category change after GFD in underweight patients (OR 0.588, 95% CI: 0.479-0.723, P <0.001), and overweight patients,252=54.13). Conclusion: Although crucial in patients with CD, GFD is associated with increased BMI in some CD patient populations. Accordingly, special considerations and follow-up should be maintained in overweight patients with CD after GFD.
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Celiac disease
KW - Gluten-free diet
KW - Obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85206992573&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001998
DO - 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001998
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
C2 - 38546459
AN - SCOPUS:85206992573
SN - 0192-0790
VL - 58
SP - 989
EP - 997
JO - Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
JF - Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
IS - 10
ER -