The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)

I. Ribas; A. Reiners; M. Zechmeister; J. A. Caballero; J. C. Morales; S. Sabotta; D. Baroch; P. J. Amado; A. Quirrenbach; M. Abril; J. Aceituno; G. Anglada-Escudé; M. Azzaro; D. Barrado; V. J.S. Béjar; D. Benítez De Haro; G. Bergond; P. Bluhm; R. Calvo Ortega; C. Cardona Guillén; P. Chaturvedi; C. Cifuentes; J. Colomé; D. Cont; M. Cortés-Contreras; S. Czesla; E. Díez-Alonso; S. Dreizler; C. Duque-Arribas; N. Espinoza; M. Fernández; B. Fuhrmeister; D. Galadí-Enríquez; A. García-López; E. González-Álvarez; J. I. González Hernández; E. W. Guenther; E. De Guindos; A. P. Hatzes; Th Henning; E. Herrero; D. Hintz; A. L. Huelmo; S. V. Jeffers; E. N. Johnson; E. De Juan; A. Kaminski; J. Kemmer; J. Khaimova; S. Khalafinejad; D. Kossakowski; M. Kürster; F. Labarga; M. Lafarga; S. Lalitha; M. Lampón; J. Lillo-Box; N. Lodieu; M. J. López González; M. López-Puertas; R. Luque; H. Magán; L. Mancini; E. Marfil; E. L. Martín; S. Martín-Ruiz; K. Molaverdikhani; D. Montes; E. Nagel; L. Nortmann; G. Nowak; E. Pallé; V. M. Passegger; A. Pavlov; S. Pedraz; V. Perdelwitz; M. Perger; A. Ramón-Ballesta; S. Reffert; D. Revilla; E. Rodríguez; C. Rodríguez-López; S. Sadegi; M. A. Sánchez Carrasco; A. Sánchez-López; J. Sanz-Forcada; S. Schäfer; M. Schlecker; J. H.M.M. Schmitt; P. Schöfer; A. Schweitzer; W. Seifert; Y. Shan; S. L. Skrzypinski; E. Solano; O. Stahl; M. Stangret; S. Stock; J. Stürmer; H. M. Tabernero; L. Tal-Or; T. Trifonov; S. Vanaverbeke; F. Yan; M. R. Zapatero Osorio

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)

I. Ribas, A. Reiners, M. Zechmeister, J. A. Caballero, J. C. Morales, S. Sabotta, D. Baroch, P. J. Amado, A. Quirrenbach, M. Abril, J. Aceituno, G. Anglada-Escudé, M. Azzaro, D. Barrado, V. J.S. Béjar, D. Benítez De Haro, G. Bergond, P. Bluhm, R. Calvo Ortega, C. Cardona GuillénP. Chaturvedi, C. Cifuentes, J. Colomé, D. Cont, M. Cortés-Contreras, S. Czesla, E. Díez-Alonso, S. Dreizler, C. Duque-Arribas, N. Espinoza, M. Fernández, B. Fuhrmeister, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A. García-López, E. González-Álvarez, J. I. González Hernández, E. W. Guenther, E. De Guindos, A. P. Hatzes, Th Henning, E. Herrero, D. Hintz, A. L. Huelmo, S. V. Jeffers, E. N. Johnson, E. De Juan, A. Kaminski, J. Kemmer, J. Khaimova, S. Khalafinejad, D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, F. Labarga, M. Lafarga, S. Lalitha, M. Lampón, J. Lillo-Box, N. Lodieu, M. J. López González, M. López-Puertas, R. Luque, H. Magán, L. Mancini, E. Marfil, E. L. Martín, S. Martín-Ruiz, K. Molaverdikhani, D. Montes, E. Nagel, L. Nortmann, G. Nowak, E. Pallé, V. M. Passegger, A. Pavlov, S. Pedraz, V. Perdelwitz, M. Perger, A. Ramón-Ballesta, S. Reffert, D. Revilla, E. Rodríguez, C. Rodríguez-López, S. Sadegi, M. A. Sánchez Carrasco, A. Sánchez-López, J. Sanz-Forcada, S. Schäfer, M. Schlecker, J. H.M.M. Schmitt, P. Schöfer, A. Schweitzer, W. Seifert, Y. Shan, S. L. Skrzypinski, E. Solano, O. Stahl, M. Stangret, S. Stock, J. Stürmer, H. M. Tabernero, L. Tal-Or, T. Trifonov, S. Vanaverbeke, F. Yan, M. R. Zapatero Osorio

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

29 Scopus citations

Abstract

Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. Aims. We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. Methods. The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. Results. We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M < Mpl sin i < 1000 M and 1 day < Porb < 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. Conclusions. CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres.

Original language	English
Article number	A139
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	670
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244879
State	Published - 1 Feb 2023

Keywords

Astronomical databases: miscellaneous
Planetary systems
Solar neighborhood
Stars: late-type
Techniques: spectroscopic

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10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

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Ribas, I., Reiners, A., Zechmeister, M., Caballero, J. A., Morales, J. C., Sabotta, S., Baroch, D., Amado, P. J., Quirrenbach, A., Abril, M., Aceituno, J., Anglada-Escudé, G., Azzaro, M., Barrado, D., Béjar, V. J. S., Benítez De Haro, D., Bergond, G., Bluhm, P., Calvo Ortega, R., ... Zapatero Osorio, M. R. (2023). The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020). Astronomy and Astrophysics, 670, Article A139. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

@article{2633a3f81fb146269dd45e35dcb1b1ec,

title = "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)",

abstract = "Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almer{\'i}a, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. Aims. We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. Methods. The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. Results. We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M < Mpl sin i < 1000 M and 1 day < Porb < 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. Conclusions. CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres.",

keywords = "Astronomical databases: miscellaneous, Planetary systems, Solar neighborhood, Stars: late-type, Techniques: spectroscopic",

author = "I. Ribas and A. Reiners and M. Zechmeister and Caballero, {J. A.} and Morales, {J. C.} and S. Sabotta and D. Baroch and Amado, {P. J.} and A. Quirrenbach and M. Abril and J. Aceituno and G. Anglada-Escud{\'e} and M. Azzaro and D. Barrado and B{\'e}jar, {V. J.S.} and {Ben{\'i}tez De Haro}, D. and G. Bergond and P. Bluhm and {Calvo Ortega}, R. and {Cardona Guill{\'e}n}, C. and P. Chaturvedi and C. Cifuentes and J. Colom{\'e} and D. Cont and M. Cort{\'e}s-Contreras and S. Czesla and E. D{\'i}ez-Alonso and S. Dreizler and C. Duque-Arribas and N. Espinoza and M. Fern{\'a}ndez and B. Fuhrmeister and D. Galad{\'i}-Enr{\'i}quez and A. Garc{\'i}a-L{\'o}pez and E. Gonz{\'a}lez-{\'A}lvarez and {Gonz{\'a}lez Hern{\'a}ndez}, {J. I.} and Guenther, {E. W.} and {De Guindos}, E. and Hatzes, {A. P.} and Th Henning and E. Herrero and D. Hintz and Huelmo, {A. L.} and Jeffers, {S. V.} and Johnson, {E. N.} and {De Juan}, E. and A. Kaminski and J. Kemmer and J. Khaimova and S. Khalafinejad and D. Kossakowski and M. K{\"u}rster and F. Labarga and M. Lafarga and S. Lalitha and M. Lamp{\'o}n and J. Lillo-Box and N. Lodieu and {L{\'o}pez Gonz{\'a}lez}, {M. J.} and M. L{\'o}pez-Puertas and R. Luque and H. Mag{\'a}n and L. Mancini and E. Marfil and Mart{\'i}n, {E. L.} and S. Mart{\'i}n-Ruiz and K. Molaverdikhani and D. Montes and E. Nagel and L. Nortmann and G. Nowak and E. Pall{\'e} and Passegger, {V. M.} and A. Pavlov and S. Pedraz and V. Perdelwitz and M. Perger and A. Ram{\'o}n-Ballesta and S. Reffert and D. Revilla and E. Rodr{\'i}guez and C. Rodr{\'i}guez-L{\'o}pez and S. Sadegi and {S{\'a}nchez Carrasco}, {M. A.} and A. S{\'a}nchez-L{\'o}pez and J. Sanz-Forcada and S. Sch{\"a}fer and M. Schlecker and Schmitt, {J. H.M.M.} and P. Sch{\"o}fer and A. Schweitzer and W. Seifert and Y. Shan and Skrzypinski, {S. L.} and E. Solano and O. Stahl and M. Stangret and S. Stock and J. St{\"u}rmer and Tabernero, {H. M.} and L. Tal-Or and T. Trifonov and S. Vanaverbeke and F. Yan and {Zapatero Osorio}, {M. R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2023.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202244879",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "670",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Ribas, I, Reiners, A, Zechmeister, M, Caballero, JA, Morales, JC, Sabotta, S, Baroch, D, Amado, PJ, Quirrenbach, A, Abril, M, Aceituno, J, Anglada-Escudé, G, Azzaro, M, Barrado, D, Béjar, VJS, Benítez De Haro, D, Bergond, G, Bluhm, P, Calvo Ortega, R, Cardona Guillén, C, Chaturvedi, P, Cifuentes, C, Colomé, J, Cont, D, Cortés-Contreras, M, Czesla, S, Díez-Alonso, E, Dreizler, S, Duque-Arribas, C, Espinoza, N, Fernández, M, Fuhrmeister, B, Galadí-Enríquez, D, García-López, A, González-Álvarez, E, González Hernández, JI, Guenther, EW, De Guindos, E, Hatzes, AP, Henning, T, Herrero, E, Hintz, D, Huelmo, AL, Jeffers, SV, Johnson, EN, De Juan, E, Kaminski, A, Kemmer, J, Khaimova, J, Khalafinejad, S, Kossakowski, D, Kürster, M, Labarga, F, Lafarga, M, Lalitha, S, Lampón, M, Lillo-Box, J, Lodieu, N, López González, MJ, López-Puertas, M, Luque, R, Magán, H, Mancini, L, Marfil, E, Martín, EL, Martín-Ruiz, S, Molaverdikhani, K, Montes, D, Nagel, E, Nortmann, L, Nowak, G, Pallé, E, Passegger, VM, Pavlov, A, Pedraz, S, Perdelwitz, V, Perger, M, Ramón-Ballesta, A, Reffert, S, Revilla, D, Rodríguez, E, Rodríguez-López, C, Sadegi, S, Sánchez Carrasco, MA, Sánchez-López, A, Sanz-Forcada, J, Schäfer, S, Schlecker, M, Schmitt, JHMM, Schöfer, P, Schweitzer, A, Seifert, W, Shan, Y, Skrzypinski, SL, Solano, E, Stahl, O, Stangret, M, Stock, S, Stürmer, J, Tabernero, HM, Tal-Or, L, Trifonov, T, Vanaverbeke, S, Yan, F & Zapatero Osorio, MR 2023, 'The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 670, A139. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

TY - JOUR

T1 - The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

T2 - Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)

AU - Ribas, I.

AU - Reiners, A.

AU - Zechmeister, M.

AU - Caballero, J. A.

AU - Morales, J. C.

AU - Sabotta, S.

AU - Baroch, D.

AU - Amado, P. J.

AU - Quirrenbach, A.

AU - Abril, M.

AU - Aceituno, J.

AU - Anglada-Escudé, G.

AU - Azzaro, M.

AU - Barrado, D.

AU - Béjar, V. J.S.

AU - Benítez De Haro, D.

AU - Bergond, G.

AU - Bluhm, P.

AU - Calvo Ortega, R.

AU - Cardona Guillén, C.

AU - Chaturvedi, P.

AU - Cifuentes, C.

AU - Colomé, J.

AU - Cont, D.

AU - Cortés-Contreras, M.

AU - Czesla, S.

AU - Díez-Alonso, E.

AU - Dreizler, S.

AU - Duque-Arribas, C.

AU - Espinoza, N.

AU - Fernández, M.

AU - Fuhrmeister, B.

AU - Galadí-Enríquez, D.

AU - García-López, A.

AU - González-Álvarez, E.

AU - González Hernández, J. I.

AU - Guenther, E. W.

AU - De Guindos, E.

AU - Hatzes, A. P.

AU - Henning, Th

AU - Herrero, E.

AU - Hintz, D.

AU - Huelmo, A. L.

AU - Jeffers, S. V.

AU - Johnson, E. N.

AU - De Juan, E.

AU - Kaminski, A.

AU - Kemmer, J.

AU - Khaimova, J.

AU - Khalafinejad, S.

AU - Kossakowski, D.

AU - Kürster, M.

AU - Labarga, F.

AU - Lafarga, M.

AU - Lalitha, S.

AU - Lampón, M.

AU - Lillo-Box, J.

AU - Lodieu, N.

AU - López González, M. J.

AU - López-Puertas, M.

AU - Luque, R.

AU - Magán, H.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Marfil, E.

AU - Martín, E. L.

AU - Martín-Ruiz, S.

AU - Molaverdikhani, K.

AU - Montes, D.

AU - Nagel, E.

AU - Nortmann, L.

AU - Nowak, G.

AU - Pallé, E.

AU - Passegger, V. M.

AU - Pavlov, A.

AU - Pedraz, S.

AU - Perdelwitz, V.

AU - Perger, M.

AU - Ramón-Ballesta, A.

AU - Reffert, S.

AU - Revilla, D.

AU - Rodríguez, E.

AU - Rodríguez-López, C.

AU - Sadegi, S.

AU - Sánchez Carrasco, M. A.

AU - Sánchez-López, A.

AU - Sanz-Forcada, J.

AU - Schäfer, S.

AU - Schlecker, M.

AU - Schmitt, J. H.M.M.

AU - Schöfer, P.

AU - Schweitzer, A.

AU - Seifert, W.

AU - Shan, Y.

AU - Skrzypinski, S. L.

AU - Solano, E.

AU - Stahl, O.

AU - Stangret, M.

AU - Stock, S.

AU - Stürmer, J.

AU - Tabernero, H. M.

AU - Tal-Or, L.

AU - Trifonov, T.

AU - Vanaverbeke, S.

AU - Yan, F.

AU - Zapatero Osorio, M. R.

PY - 2023/2/1

Y1 - 2023/2/1

N2 - Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. Aims. We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. Methods. The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. Results. We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M < Mpl sin i < 1000 M and 1 day < Porb < 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. Conclusions. CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres.

AB - Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. Aims. We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. Methods. The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. Results. We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M < Mpl sin i < 1000 M and 1 day < Porb < 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. Conclusions. CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres.

KW - Astronomical databases: miscellaneous

KW - Planetary systems

KW - Solar neighborhood

KW - Stars: late-type

KW - Techniques: spectroscopic

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148533547&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244879

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AN - SCOPUS:85148533547

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 670

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A139

ER -

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)

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