PTSD symptoms among civilians being displaced inside and outside the Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion

The 2022 Russian invasion of the Ukraine created a large-scale humanitarian crisis. PTSD symptoms are common amongst refugees but there is less information on the mental health of internally displaced peoples. We examined a national sample of 2,000 Ukrainians during the Russian invasion, assessing PTSD symptoms using the recent ICD-11 Results showed that displacement was associated with PTSD symptoms (non-displaced M = 11.02 [SD = 4.88], displaced within the Ukraine M = 12.55 [SD = 4.94]; displaced outside the Ukraine M = 12.90 [SD = 4.61]; F (2,1999) = 21.93; p <0.001). Findings underline the risk to those displaced inside their own country in addition to those displaced overseas.