Microbial Electrolysis Cells Based on a Bacterial Anode Encapsulated with a Dialysis Bag Including Graphite Particles

One of the main barriers to MEC applicability is the bacterial anode. Usually, the bacterial anode contains non-exoelectrogenic bacteria that act as a physical barrier by settling on the anode surface and displacing the exoelectrogenic microorganisms. Those non-exoelectrogens can also compete with exoelectrogenic microorganisms for nutrients and reduce hydrogen production. In this study, the bacterial anode was encapsulated by a dialysis bag including suspended graphite particles to improve current transfer from the bacteria to the anode material. An anode encapsulated in a dialysis bag without graphite particles, and a bare anode, were used as controls. The MEC with the graphite-dialysis-bag anode was fed with artificial wastewater, leading to a current density, hydrogen production rate, and areal capacitance of 2.73 A·m⁻², 134.13 F·m⁻², and 7.6 × 10⁻² m³·m⁻³·d⁻¹, respectively. These were highest when compared to the MECs based on the dialysis-bag anode and bare anode (1.73 and 0.33 A·m⁻², 82.50 and 13.75 F·m⁻², 4.2 × 10⁻² and 5.2 × 10⁻³ m³·m⁻³·d⁻¹, respectively). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the modified graphite-dialysis-bag anode showed the lowest charge transfer resistance of 35 Ω. The COD removal results on the 25th day were higher when the MEC based on the graphite-dialysis-bag anode was fed with Geobacter medium (53%) than when it was fed with artificial wastewater (40%). The coulombic efficiency of the MEC based on the graphite-dialysis-bag anode was 12% when was fed with Geobacter medium and 15% when was fed with artificial wastewater.