TY - JOUR
T1 - Interlaboratory comparison for quantitative chlorine analysis in cement pastes with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
AU - Völker, Tobias
AU - Wilsch, Gerd
AU - Gornushkin, Igor B.
AU - Kratochvilová, Lucie
AU - Pořízka, Pavel
AU - Kaiser, Jozef
AU - Millar, Steven
AU - Galbács, Gábor
AU - Palásti, Dávid J.
AU - Janovszky, Patrick M.
AU - Eto, Shuzo
AU - Langer, Christoph
AU - Kapteina, Gesa
AU - Illguth, Marcus
AU - Götz, Jenny
AU - Licht, Marina
AU - Raupach, Michael
AU - Elhamdaoui, Ismail
AU - Sabsabi, Mohamad
AU - Bouchard, Paul
AU - Nagli, Lev
AU - Gaft, Michael
AU - Raichlin, Yosef
AU - Fernández-Menéndez, Luis Javier
AU - Méndez-López, Cristina
AU - Bordel, Nerea
AU - Gottlieb, Cassian
AU - Bohling, Christian
AU - Finotello, Riccardo
AU - L'Hermite, Daniel
AU - Quéré, Céline
AU - Lierenfeld, Matthias B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Concrete structures experience severe damage during service, for example due to pitting corrosion of rebars caused by the ingress of chlorine (Cl) into the porous concrete structure. The ingress can be monitored using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a recently introduced civil engineering technique used to detect Cl in concrete structures in addition to conventional wet chemistry methods. The key advantages of LIBS are high spatial resolution, which is important when analyzing heterogeneous concrete samples, as well as the almost complete absence of sample preparation. To assess LIBS as a reliable analytical method, its accuracy and robustness must be carefully tested. This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison on the analysis of Cl in cement paste samples conducted by 12 laboratories in 10 countries. Two sets of samples were prepared with Cl content ranging from 0.06 to 1.95 wt% in the training set and 0.23–1.51 wt% in the test set, with additional variations in the type of cement and Cl source (salt type). The overall result shows that LIBS is suitable for the quantification of the studied samples: the average relative error was generally below 15%. The results demonstrate the true status quo of the LIBS method for this type of analysis, given that the laboratories were not instructed on how to perform the analysis or how to process the data.
AB - Concrete structures experience severe damage during service, for example due to pitting corrosion of rebars caused by the ingress of chlorine (Cl) into the porous concrete structure. The ingress can be monitored using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a recently introduced civil engineering technique used to detect Cl in concrete structures in addition to conventional wet chemistry methods. The key advantages of LIBS are high spatial resolution, which is important when analyzing heterogeneous concrete samples, as well as the almost complete absence of sample preparation. To assess LIBS as a reliable analytical method, its accuracy and robustness must be carefully tested. This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison on the analysis of Cl in cement paste samples conducted by 12 laboratories in 10 countries. Two sets of samples were prepared with Cl content ranging from 0.06 to 1.95 wt% in the training set and 0.23–1.51 wt% in the test set, with additional variations in the type of cement and Cl source (salt type). The overall result shows that LIBS is suitable for the quantification of the studied samples: the average relative error was generally below 15%. The results demonstrate the true status quo of the LIBS method for this type of analysis, given that the laboratories were not instructed on how to perform the analysis or how to process the data.
KW - Cement
KW - Chlorine
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
KW - LIBS
KW - Round robin test
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150840452&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sab.2023.106632
DO - 10.1016/j.sab.2023.106632
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AN - SCOPUS:85150840452
SN - 0584-8547
VL - 202
JO - Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy
JF - Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy
M1 - 106632
ER -