High-Intensity Induction Chemotherapy Is Feasible for Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: The prognosis of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, and the best treatment is controversial. Since the majority of AML patients are older than 60 years, identification of those who might benefit from intensive treatment is essential. Methods: Data from electronic charts of consecutive AML patients treated in our center were analyzed. Eligibility criteria included newly diagnosed de novo or secondary AML, an age of 60 years or older, and intensive induction treatment. Results: Sixty-two patients were included in the analysis. Forty-six patients (74%) achieved complete remission (CR) after 1-2 intensive induction courses. Twenty of them received consolidation with conventional chemotherapy, 20 proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), and 6 were ineligible for further treatment. The projected overall survival (OS) at 2 and 3 years was 28 and 23%, respectively. A normal karyotype, CR achievement, and allo-HCT were associated with improved OS, while an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 was borderline associated. The median survival and disease-free survival at 2 years was 18.7 months and 49%, respectively, for patients who underwent allo-HCT in CR1, compared to 12.8 months and 25%, respectively, for those who did not. Conclusion: Based on our data, selected eligible elderly AML patients might benefit from intensive treatment.