Heterogeneous Photoelectrochemical WOR Using Meta-Chemical Surface Electrodes with [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2

Shiran Aharon; Rahma Okbi; Moshe Zohar; Dan Meyerstein; Eyal Tzur; Dror Shamir; Yael Albo; Ariela Burg

doi:10.1021/acsaem.5c03647

Heterogeneous Photoelectrochemical WOR Using Meta-Chemical Surface Electrodes with [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH₂)](ClO₄)₂

Shiran Aharon
, Rahma Okbi
, Moshe Zohar
, Dan Meyerstein
, Eyal Tzur
, Dror Shamir
, Yael Albo
, Ariela Burg

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This study presents the development of a heterogeneous photoelectrochemical system using the known water oxidation catalyst [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH₂)](ClO₄)₂ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), which was patterned on meta-chemical surface (MCS) electrodes, using the DPN (dip-pen nanolithography) technique. The MCS electrodes demonstrate higher currents and turnover frequencies (k_cat) compared to their coated counterparts and the homogeneous system under dark conditions and 475 nm illumination, pointing out higher efficiency in water oxidation. The results highlight the effectiveness of MCS electrodes in improving electrode performance (k_cat equal to 1903 s^–1 and 989 s^–1 at dark and light conditions, respectively). These results advance the continuous development of water-splitting technologies and help advance hydrogen as a practical alternative energy source.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1761-1770
Number of pages	10
Journal	ACS Applied Energy Materials
Volume	9
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.5c03647
State	Published - 9 Feb 2026

Keywords

alternative energy
dip-pen nanolithography
heterogeneous electrocatalysis
meta-chemical surface
photoelectrochemical water oxidation
ruthenium complex

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10.1021/acsaem.5c03647

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title = "Heterogeneous Photoelectrochemical WOR Using Meta-Chemical Surface Electrodes with [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2",

abstract = "This study presents the development of a heterogeneous photoelectrochemical system using the known water oxidation catalyst [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), which was patterned on meta-chemical surface (MCS) electrodes, using the DPN (dip-pen nanolithography) technique. The MCS electrodes demonstrate higher currents and turnover frequencies (kcat) compared to their coated counterparts and the homogeneous system under dark conditions and 475 nm illumination, pointing out higher efficiency in water oxidation. The results highlight the effectiveness of MCS electrodes in improving electrode performance (kcat equal to 1903 s–1 and 989 s–1 at dark and light conditions, respectively). These results advance the continuous development of water-splitting technologies and help advance hydrogen as a practical alternative energy source.",

keywords = "alternative energy, dip-pen nanolithography, heterogeneous electrocatalysis, meta-chemical surface, photoelectrochemical water oxidation, ruthenium complex",

author = "Shiran Aharon and Rahma Okbi and Moshe Zohar and Dan Meyerstein and Eyal Tzur and Dror Shamir and Yael Albo and Ariela Burg",

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AU - Aharon, Shiran

AU - Okbi, Rahma

AU - Zohar, Moshe

AU - Meyerstein, Dan

AU - Tzur, Eyal

AU - Shamir, Dror

AU - Albo, Yael

AU - Burg, Ariela

PY - 2026/2/9

Y1 - 2026/2/9

N2 - This study presents the development of a heterogeneous photoelectrochemical system using the known water oxidation catalyst [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), which was patterned on meta-chemical surface (MCS) electrodes, using the DPN (dip-pen nanolithography) technique. The MCS electrodes demonstrate higher currents and turnover frequencies (kcat) compared to their coated counterparts and the homogeneous system under dark conditions and 475 nm illumination, pointing out higher efficiency in water oxidation. The results highlight the effectiveness of MCS electrodes in improving electrode performance (kcat equal to 1903 s–1 and 989 s–1 at dark and light conditions, respectively). These results advance the continuous development of water-splitting technologies and help advance hydrogen as a practical alternative energy source.

AB - This study presents the development of a heterogeneous photoelectrochemical system using the known water oxidation catalyst [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), which was patterned on meta-chemical surface (MCS) electrodes, using the DPN (dip-pen nanolithography) technique. The MCS electrodes demonstrate higher currents and turnover frequencies (kcat) compared to their coated counterparts and the homogeneous system under dark conditions and 475 nm illumination, pointing out higher efficiency in water oxidation. The results highlight the effectiveness of MCS electrodes in improving electrode performance (kcat equal to 1903 s–1 and 989 s–1 at dark and light conditions, respectively). These results advance the continuous development of water-splitting technologies and help advance hydrogen as a practical alternative energy source.

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KW - dip-pen nanolithography

KW - heterogeneous electrocatalysis

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KW - photoelectrochemical water oxidation

KW - ruthenium complex

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Heterogeneous Photoelectrochemical WOR Using Meta-Chemical Surface Electrodes with [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH₂)](ClO₄)₂

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