Greenfield FDI attractiveness index: a machine learning approach

Ilan Alon, Vanessa P.G. Bretas, Alex Sclip, Andrea Paltrinieri

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to propose a comprehensive greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness index using exploratory factor analysis and automated machine learning (AML). We offer offer a robust empirical measurement of location-choice factors identified in the FDI literature through a novel method and provide a tool for assessing the countries' investment potential. Design/methodology/approach: Based on five conceptual key sub-domains of FDI, We collected quantitative indicators in several databases with annual data ranging from 2006 to 2019. This study first run a factor analysis to identify the most important features. It then uses AML to assess the relative importance of each resultant factor and generate a calibrated index. AML computational algorithms minimize predictive errors, explore patterns in the data and make predictions in an empirically robust way. Findings: Openness conditions and economic growth are the most relevant factors to attract FDI identified in the study. Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malta and Ireland are the top five countries with the highest overall greenfield attractiveness index. This study also presents specific indices for the three sectors: energy, financial services, information and communication technology (ICT) and electronics. Originality/value: Existent indexes present deficiencies in conceptualization and measurement, lacking theoretical foundation, arbitrary selection of factors and use of limited linear models. This study’s index is developed in a robust three-stage process. The use of AML configures an advantage compared to traditional linear and additive models, as it selects the best model considering the predictive capacity of many models simultaneously.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)85-108
Number of pages24
JournalCompetitiveness Review
Volume32
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - 19 Dec 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Artificial intelligence
  • Attractiveness factors
  • Automated machine learning
  • FDI determinants
  • FDI index
  • Foreign direct investment

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