Fusible numbers and Peano Arithmetic

Jeff Erickson, Gabriel Nivasch, Junyan Xu

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Inspired by a mathematical riddle involving fuses, we define the fusible numbers as follows: 0 is fusible, and whenever x, y are fusible with |y - x| < 1, the number (x + y + 1)/2 is also fusible. We prove that the set of fusible numbers, ordered by the usual order on ℝ, is well-ordered, with order type ϵ0. Furthermore, we prove that the density of the fusible numbers along the real line grows at an incredibly fast rate: Letting g(n) be the largest gap between consecutive fusible numbers in the interval [n, ∞), we have g (n) - 1 \geq F_ \varepsilon _0(n - c) for some constant c, where Fα denotes the fast-growing hierarchy.Finally, we derive some true statements that can be formulated but not proven in Peano Arithmetic, of a different flavor than previously known such statements: PA cannot prove the true statement For every natural number n there exists a smallest fusible number larger than n. Also, consider the algorithm M(x): if x < 0 return -x, else return M(x - M(x - 1))/2. Then M terminates on real inputs, although PA cannot prove the statement M terminates on all natural inputs.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication2021 36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2021
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)9781665448956
DOIs
StatePublished - 29 Jun 2021
Event36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2021 - Virtual, Online
Duration: 29 Jun 20212 Jul 2021

Publication series

NameProceedings - Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
Volume2021-June
ISSN (Print)1043-6871

Conference

Conference36th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2021
CityVirtual, Online
Period29/06/212/07/21

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