Effects of interferon and encephalomyocarditis virus on in vitro development of preimplantation mouse embryos with and without the zona pellucida

Development of preimplantation mouse embryos, with or without the zona pellucida, in the presence of interferon (IFN) and mouse encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus was studied using the in vitro culture method. The embryos (2‐ to 8‐cell stages) were obtained from superovulated mice and cultured in modified Witten's medium under paraffin oil in 5% CO₂ in air at 37°C. Removal of the zona pellucida does not affect the subsequent development of the embryos: 90% of embryos with and 87% of embryos without the zona pellucida reached the morula–early blastocyst stages. Mouse IFN (10⁴ units/ml) had no inhibitory effect on the developmental ability of the preimplantation embryos with or without the zona pellucida: 88 and 89% of the embryos in each group, respectively, reached the morula–early blastocyst stages. The preimplantation mouse embryos were sensitive to the embryotoxic effect of EMC virus: at a multiplicity of 20 infection particles per embryo the development of 43% of embryos was inhibited. The zona pellucida had no significant protective effect: Its removal changed only slightly the susceptibility of the preimplantation embryos to this virus. Pretreatment of embryos with IFN did not protect them from the embryotoxic effect of EMC virus. This work indicates that preimplantation mouse embryos appear to be resistant for both the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of IFN.