Effective Approaches for Perovskite Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Perovskites have been one of the most promising futures of solar-cell technology due to their revolutionary impact on device performance. Recently, perovskite solar cell (PSC) has shown remarkable achievement in power conversion efficiency of 26.1% in 2022 by the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. However, such a breakthrough technology has limitations for the market-up due to inherent instability affected by heat, light, and moisture, which are severe issues for overcoming the barrier to commercialization. Several important outcomes of the experimental and theoretical analysis of the fundamental of PSCs are begun with in this review. The main aim of this article is to gain insight into the several processing approaches such as the interfacial approach, device structure approach, deposition method–based approach, compositional approach, bandgap approach, and dimensional approach. Interestingly, these approaches govern the charge-transport process, recombination, charge-transfer resistance, carrier injection/collection of the electrodes, etc. Finally, future perspectives of the combined understanding of various aspects are discussed to further enhance the device's performance.