Dynamic simulation and parametric sensitivity studies on a flat-plate solar collector

A dynamic simulation program for a flat-plate solar collector has been developed and used for a parametric sensitivity study of the collector. A computer simulation language, C.S.M.P., was used for the simultaneous solution of the differential equations describing the system. The program is developed from basic principles and defined parameters, so that the effect of each element of the collector on its efficiency and outlet fluid temperature can be analyzed. The dynamic simulation program was validated by comparing calculated with actual test results on a commercial flat-plate solar collector; the agreement between the results was found to be very good. Sensitivity studies were carried out to determine the effect of the following parameters on the performance of a single-glazed solar collector: heat transfer coefficient between absorber plate and fluid transport tubes; fluid flow rate through the collector; plate absorptivity; plate emissivity and insulation thickness. Sensitivity studies were also performed on a double-glazed solar collector but for only the last three of the above listed parameters. The results of these sensitivity studies are analyzed in the text. The transient behavior of the solar collector, viz. the response of the outlet fluid temperature to a step change in insolation rate, has also been studied.