Creation and validation of the self-efficacy instrument for physical education teacher education majors toward inclusion

The purpose was to validate a self-efficacy (SE) instrument toward including students with disability in physical education (PE). Three scales referring to intellectual disabilities (ID), physical disabilities (PD), or visual impairments (VI) were administered to 486 physical education teacher education (PETE) majors. The sample was randomly split, and exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively) were conducted. After deleting items that did not meet inclusion criteria, EFA item loadings ranged from 0.53 to 0.91, and Cronbach's alpha reliability was high (for ID =.86, PD =.90, and VI =.92). CFA showed that the ID scale demonstrated good goodness-of-ft, whereas in the PD and in the VI scales demonstrated moderate ft. Thus, the content and construct validity of the instrument was supported.