Antecedents of supermarket formats' adoption and usage: A study in the context of non-western customers

This research deals with the process of food retailing modernization-the process through which supermarket formats (supermarkets and hypermarkets) diffuse, replace traditional retail formats and gain market share. The study first divides the process into three components (diffusion, adoption, and usage of supermarket formats), then, through two independent studies, we apply an empirical framework that identifies factors motivating format adoption and usage in the context of non-Western countries. The empirical results, utilizing two surveys involving 961 respondents, indicate strong evidence for most of the hypotheses drawn from the theoretical framework. Specifically, among other findings, the analyses reveal that consumer economic abilities and format outputs comprise key factors affecting format adoption. However, the impacts of these factors vary among the populations in the study. The findings also point to the significant effects of three variable sets on the extent of supermarket use among the adopting consumers regardless of their economic status. These variables include format outputs, religious variables and ethnic-cultural attributes related to food consumption patterns of Muslim-Arab consumers. The article closes with managerial implications and future research.