TY - JOUR
T1 - Adaptation to physically and emotionally demanding conditions
T2 - The role of deliberate practice
AU - Johnson, Michael B.
AU - Tenenbaum, Gershon
AU - Edmonds, William A.
PY - 2006/6/1
Y1 - 2006/6/1
N2 - The current study elucidated the reasons for athletic performance differences between individuals who (1) engage in similar workloads, and (2) develop in similar environments. 8 elite and 11 sub-elite swimmers, with confirming data provided by 17 of their parents and 6 of their coaches, participated in this investigation. Findings revealed that (1) a variety of different practice regimens can result in attaining expertise, and (2) highly analogous developmental experiences may not differentiate between elite and sub-elite performers. Results provide support for a 4-factor model of expert athletic development: high effort, supportive environment, facilitative coping strategies, and physical and psychological predispositions. Each is likely required to achieve elite athletic performance, and all must be present in such a manner that they are systematically and idiosyncratically functional.
AB - The current study elucidated the reasons for athletic performance differences between individuals who (1) engage in similar workloads, and (2) develop in similar environments. 8 elite and 11 sub-elite swimmers, with confirming data provided by 17 of their parents and 6 of their coaches, participated in this investigation. Findings revealed that (1) a variety of different practice regimens can result in attaining expertise, and (2) highly analogous developmental experiences may not differentiate between elite and sub-elite performers. Results provide support for a 4-factor model of expert athletic development: high effort, supportive environment, facilitative coping strategies, and physical and psychological predispositions. Each is likely required to achieve elite athletic performance, and all must be present in such a manner that they are systematically and idiosyncratically functional.
KW - Expertise
KW - Nature
KW - Nurture
KW - Swimming
KW - Talent
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33750130014&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/13598130600947184
DO - 10.1080/13598130600947184
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AN - SCOPUS:33750130014
SN - 1359-8139
VL - 17
SP - 117
EP - 136
JO - High Ability Studies
JF - High Ability Studies
IS - 1
ER -