A refined first-order expansion formula in Rⁿ: Application to interpolation and finite element error estimates

The aim of this paper is to derive a refined first-order expansion formula in Rⁿ, the goal being to get an optimal reduced remainder, compared to the one obtained by usual Taylor's formula. For a given function, the formula we derived is obtained by introducing a linear combination of the first derivatives, computed at n+1 equally spaced points. We show how this formula can be applied to two important applications: the interpolation error and the finite elements error estimates. In both cases, we illustrate under which conditions a significant improvement of the errors can be obtained, namely how the use of the refined expansion can reduce the upper bound of error estimates.