TY - JOUR
T1 - Treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
T2 - Biological markers and simulation studies
AU - Kiselyov, Alex
AU - Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky, Svetlana
AU - Startsev, Vladimir
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 .
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the preferred first line treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) in order to prevent recurrence and progression of cancer. There is ongoing need for the rational selection of i) BCG dose, ii) frequency of BCG administration along with iii) synergistic adjuvant therapy and iv) a reliable set of biochemical markers relevant to tumor response. In this review we evaluate cellular and molecular markers pertinent to the immunological response triggered by the BCG instillation and respective mathematical models of the treatment. Specific examples of markers include diverse immune cells, genetic polymorphisms, miRNAs, epigenetics, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology 'beacons' as exemplified by cell surface proteins, cytokines, signaling proteins and enzymes. We identified tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, a combination of Ki-67/CK20, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio as the most promising markers for both pre-BCG and post-BCG treatment suitable for the simulation studies.The intricate and patient-specific nature of these data warrants the use of powerful multi-parametral mathematical methods in combination with molecular/cellular biology insight and clinical input.
AB - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the preferred first line treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) in order to prevent recurrence and progression of cancer. There is ongoing need for the rational selection of i) BCG dose, ii) frequency of BCG administration along with iii) synergistic adjuvant therapy and iv) a reliable set of biochemical markers relevant to tumor response. In this review we evaluate cellular and molecular markers pertinent to the immunological response triggered by the BCG instillation and respective mathematical models of the treatment. Specific examples of markers include diverse immune cells, genetic polymorphisms, miRNAs, epigenetics, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology 'beacons' as exemplified by cell surface proteins, cytokines, signaling proteins and enzymes. We identified tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, a combination of Ki-67/CK20, IL-2, IL-8 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio as the most promising markers for both pre-BCG and post-BCG treatment suitable for the simulation studies.The intricate and patient-specific nature of these data warrants the use of powerful multi-parametral mathematical methods in combination with molecular/cellular biology insight and clinical input.
KW - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
KW - Biological marker
KW - Bladder cancer
KW - Mathematical models
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84934977195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.06.002
DO - 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.06.002
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AN - SCOPUS:84934977195
SN - 2214-6474
VL - 4
SP - 27
EP - 34
JO - BBA Clinical
JF - BBA Clinical
ER -