Seasonality of both bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumonia coincides with viral lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood, in contrast to nonpneumonia invasive pneumococcal disease, in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

We assessed the seasonality of viral lower respiratory tract infections (V-LRI), bacteremic pneumonia, nonbacteremic pneumonia and nonpneumonia invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in the pre-PCV era. Both bacteremic and nonbacteremic pneumonia seasonality peaked in winter, coinciding with V-LRI seasonality, whereas non-pneumonia IPD peaked in autumn before V-LRI increase, suggesting different pathogenesis.