TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal spermicide use and adverse reproductive outcome
T2 - A meta-analysis
AU - Einarson, Thomas R.
AU - Koren, Gideon
AU - Mattice, David
AU - Schechter-Tsafriri, Ofra
N1 - Funding Information:
Sacks et a1.9 suggested that the support given to the research group by an interested body could be a source of bias. In this series of papers on spermicides, however, only one had any mention of support from the pharmaceutical industry. The report by Shapiro et a1. 15 was partially funded by a pharmaceutical company, but it also had federal government support. All of the remaining studies were supported by government or foundation grants, contracts, or both. Therefore there was considered to be little chance of bias because of source of support.
PY - 1990/3
Y1 - 1990/3
N2 - A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the literature provides evidence that periconceptual or postconceptual maternal use of spermicides is detrimental to the developing fetus. Nine studies that investigated teratogenicity met the inclusion criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio was 1.02 (95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.32). The χ2 analyses was 0.10 for significance from unity (p = 0.748) and 8.73 for homogeneity of effects (p = 0.365). Studies comparing specific abnormalities with other abnormalities also indicated no association (odds ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.72 to 1.28). Studies investigating other adverse events (spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, reduced fetal weight, prematurity, or increased incidence of female births) showed similar negative results. Cohen's d, the overall effect size as determined by Tukey's jackknife method, was -0.001 (95% confidence interval = -0.018 to 0.017). These results indicate that maternal use of spermicides is not associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Meta-analysis adds quantitative support for conclusions from traditional reviews of the subject.
AB - A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the literature provides evidence that periconceptual or postconceptual maternal use of spermicides is detrimental to the developing fetus. Nine studies that investigated teratogenicity met the inclusion criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio was 1.02 (95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.32). The χ2 analyses was 0.10 for significance from unity (p = 0.748) and 8.73 for homogeneity of effects (p = 0.365). Studies comparing specific abnormalities with other abnormalities also indicated no association (odds ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.72 to 1.28). Studies investigating other adverse events (spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, reduced fetal weight, prematurity, or increased incidence of female births) showed similar negative results. Cohen's d, the overall effect size as determined by Tukey's jackknife method, was -0.001 (95% confidence interval = -0.018 to 0.017). These results indicate that maternal use of spermicides is not associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Meta-analysis adds quantitative support for conclusions from traditional reviews of the subject.
KW - Teratogenicity
KW - fetal loss
KW - statistical aggregation
KW - stillbirth
KW - vaginal spermicides
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0025232626
U2 - 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90976-E
DO - 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90976-E
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C2 - 2138413
AN - SCOPUS:0025232626
SN - 0002-9378
VL - 162
SP - 655
EP - 660
JO - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
JF - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
IS - 3
ER -